Want to meet a local celebrity on your next snorkel? Say aloha to the Hawaii state fish — the Humuhumunukunukuapuaʻa! This little reef rockstar has a huge name, bright colors, and a big personality. In this guide, you’ll learn how to spot it, where to find it on Maui, how to say that tricky name, and how to keep the reef safe while you explore.
What Is the State Fish of Hawaii?
The state fish of Hawaii is the Humuhumunukuapua’a, also called the reef triggerfish. Its scientific name is Rhinecanthus rectangulus. Triggerfish live in warm waters around the world. However, the Humuhumunukuapua’a is unique to Hawaii’s reefs and culture. You’ll find locals and visitors smiling when they spot the famous triggerfish with a snout!
Why Was It Chosen?
Hawaiians have admired this fish for centuries. Its Hawaiian name means “fish with a snout like a pig.” That’s because it makes a pig-like grunt when threatened!
The humuhumunukunukuapuaʻa first became the official state fish in 1985. The title lapsed briefly, but it was reinstated permanently in 2006. Today, this little fish is a proud symbol of Hawaii’s marine life.
Hawaii State Fish Humuhumunukunukuapua’a Pronunciation
(It’s Easier Than You Think.) Break it into small bits:
hoo-moo hoo-moo noo-koo noo-koo ah-poo-ah-ah
Many visitors practice it for fun. Saying the name is almost like a Hawaiian vacation challenge!
Nicknames
Locals often shorten it to Humuhumu. That’s much easier to say when you’re pointing one out on a snorkeling tour!
The Look: Small Fish, Big Personality
The Humuhumunukuapua’a is usually only 8 to 10 inches long. However, its bold colors and markings make it stand out.
- Body Shape: Flat and oval-shaped, with a pointed snout.
- Colors: Creamy beige body with striking black, blue, and yellow stripes.
- Eyes: Positioned high on its head, helping it keep watch while feeding.
Its flashy markings have earned it the nickname Picasso triggerfish, since it looks like a work of art swimming through the reef.
Spotting The Hawaii State Fish
The Humuhumunukuapua’a loves the warm, shallow reefs of Hawaii. It’s commonly found around coral heads, rocky crevices, and sandy lagoon bottoms.
Best Places by Boat (Crystal-Clear Favorites)
Molokini Crater
Molokini is in clear, protected water, and its visibility can be incredible. Look for humuhumu near coral patches and rocky edges. Morning light makes their colors pop.
Turtle Town
Calmer water and gentle lava rock structures make a great habitat. Scan the ledges and the sandy edges. The humuhumu likes to dart in and out of little caves.
Coral Gardens
This sheltered coastline is a maze of coral and rock. Drift slowly and watch for the Humuhumunukuapua’a’s bold face pattern and electric blue lines.
Easy Shore Spots (When You Want to Swim In From the Beach)
Kapalua Bay & Napili Bay (West Maui)
Protected coves with healthy coral. Hug the rocky sides. Move slowly. You’ll often see them zigzagging between coral heads.
Black Rock (Kaʻanapali)
Follow the rock wall. Stay aware of currents and keep a safe distance from cliff-jumpers. Fish love the structure here.
Ulua Beach & Keawakapu (South Maui)
Beginner-friendly entries with plenty of reef life. Early morning is best for calm water and clear views.
Tip: Conditions change. If the water looks rough or cloudy, choose another spot or another day. Safety first.
Molokini Crater Snorkeling
How Does the Humuhumunukuapua’a Behave?
Daily Life
These fish are active during the day and tend to hide at night. They eat algae, snails, and small crustaceans.
Defense Mechanism
They wedge into rocks and lock in with a dorsal spine “trigger.” That’s how triggerfish got their name.
Territorial Attitude
Don’t be fooled by its cute looks! They’re feisty! These little guys defend their territory, especially against other fish.
The Humuhumunukuapua’a in Hawaiian Culture
Legends and Stories
The name alone has made the Humuhumunukuapua’a famous, but it also appears in Hawaiian songs, folklore, and even popular culture.
- Traditional Songs—The fish might be mentioned in Hawaiian mele (songs) that celebrate the islands’ natural beauty.
- Tourist Culture—This long name is often used in fun songs and souvenirs. It reflects the playful spirit of Hawaii.
Symbol of Hawaii’s Reefs
The Humuhumunukuapua’a represents the beauty and uniqueness of Hawaii’s marine ecosystems. For many locals, it reminds them of the importance of caring for the ocean.
About Spelling
You’ll see different versions:
- Humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa (with Hawaiian diacritics)
- Humuhumunukunukuapuaa (no marks)
- Humuhumunukuapua’a (common online spelling)
All roads lead to the same fish. Use whichever you’re comfortable with, and share the story when someone asks!
Photo Courtesy of MolokiniCrater.com
Seeing Reef Triggerfish While Snorkeling
When you join one of our Maui Snorkeling Tours, spotting the Hawaii state fish is always a highlight. Here’s what to expect:
Morning Molokini Crater Snorkeling Tour
- Runs daily from 7 AM to 12 PM.
- Two snorkeling stops: Molokini Crater and Turtle Town.
- Swim with tropical fish, green sea turtles, and maybe even a Humuhumu.
- Includes breakfast, lunch, and all snorkeling gear.
Afternoon Snorkeling Tour
- Runs daily from 1 PM to 4 PM.
- Perfect for families looking for a shorter adventure.
- Spot the Humuhumunukuapua’a among vibrant coral reefs.
- Includes lunch and snorkeling gear.
Both tours are easy, friendly, and perfect for families. Crew members share tips, keep you safe, and help you spot the humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa (and yes, we’ll help you say it). Please note: wildlife sightings can vary, but we know where to look and when to go.
Reef Etiquette 101
Give Fish Space
Reef Triggerfish can get territorial, especially when guarding a nest. If it flares fins, tilts, or charges, back away slowly. That’s reef language for “too close.”
Never Feed Fish
Feeding changes natural behavior and can harm reef life. Let them do the feeding, while you do the watching.
Wear Reef-Safe Sun Protection
On the boat, wear a long-sleeve rash guard and a brimmed hat. If you use sunscreen, choose reef-safe options and apply it well before you enter the water.
Respect Protected Areas
Many sites around Maui are special places for marine life. Follow posted signs and guidance from your crew.
Tips for Spotting Them
- Stay Calm: These fish are shy. Move slowly to avoid scaring them.
- Look Down Low: They often feed near the reef bottom.
- Watch the Sand: Sometimes they dart across open areas between coral.
- Use a Guide’s Help: Our crew are experts at spotting them.
Humuhumu vs. Other Triggerfish You Might See
Look-Alikes You May Meet
Hawaii hosts several triggerfish. Two you might spot:
- Black Triggerfish: Dark body, often in schools, sleek shape.
- Pinktail Triggerfish: Bright pink tail with a greenish body—hard to miss!
These species are lovely, but the humuhumu stands out with its busy face pattern and crisp, painted lines.
How to Tell the Humuhumu at a Glance
- Bold “mask” across the face
- Electric blue streaks
- Blocky, angular shape
- Confident, stop-and-go swim style
Maui Snorkeling Tours
Join us for a Molokini Crater Snorkeling adventure with turtles, coral reefs, and endless ocean views!
Fast Facts
- Common name: Humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa (reef triggerfish)
- Also searched as: humuhumunukuapua’a
- Family: Triggerfish
- Size: About the length of your hand to your forearm (up to ~10 inches)
- Home: Shallow coral reefs and rocky areas around the Hawaiian Islands
- Diet: Small crustaceans, sea urchins, snails, and algae
Fun Facts
- It can make a grunting noise like a pig when caught or threatened.
- It sleeps wedged in rocks to avoid predators.
- Its eyes move independently, giving it a panoramic view of its surroundings.
- It’s featured in countless Hawaiian T-shirts, postcards, and art prints.
Final Splash: Why the Humuhumu Steals the Show
The humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa is bold, beautiful, and full of character. It’s small but mighty, with a name you’ll love to say all trip long. Meet it in its island home, treat the reef with care, and you’ll carry a bright Maui memory forever!
Ready to look for the state fish of Hawaii with a friendly crew and an easy plan? Join Maui Snorkeling for a day on the water, and let’s go find that famous face together! 🐠
This Photo & Cover Photo Courtesy of Fishing Tales
